"[19], In military affairs Francis had allowed his brother, the Archduke Charles, extensive control over the army during the Napoleonic wars. Francis II (German: Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. Old document with the text: Regnando S.M. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. The Diet was convoked simply to supply money…. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; English: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions. Francis II (1768-1835) reigned as the last Holy Roman emperor from 1792 to 1806. Francis II (German: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I … https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1003886657, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1 March 1792/11 August 1804 – 2 March 1835, Renamed Maria Leopoldina upon her marriage; married. Francis had a fraught relationship with France. The censor replied, "Oh, nothing at all. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I (Franz I. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He supported the conservative political system of Metternich in Germany and Europe after the Congress of Vienna (1815). He was connected with the Habsburgs through his grandmother Eleonor, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III, and wife of Charles Leopold of Lorraine, his grandfather. Children of Francis II. Some severe). Later, he led Holy Roman Empire into the French Revolutionary Wars. The influence of Francis in government was inconsiderable except in economic matters. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Though he had a happy child­hood sur­rounded by his many siblings, his fam­ily knew Fran­cis was likely to be a fu­ture Em­peror (his uncle Joseph had no sur­viv­ing issue from ei­ther of his two mar­riages), and so in 1784 the young Arch­duke was sent to the Im­pe­r­ial Co… Francis II continued his leading role as an opponent of Napoleonic France in the Napoleonic Wars, and suffered several more defeats after Austerlitz. The Emperor wrote that Francis was "stunted in growth", "backward in bodily dexterity and deportment", and "neither more nor less than a spoiled mother's child." Although nominally outranking his wife, Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, the capable but easygoing Francis … He was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. Mar 9, 2017 - Francis II (1768-1835), the last Holy Roman Emperor/ Francis I the first Emperor of Austria. External links. Antonyms for Emperor Francis II. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; English: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. He was very close to his brother and sister Anne Charlotte. l'Imperatore e Re Francesco I Under the Reign of His Majesty the Emperor and King Francis Igreat document on 23 pages - very decorative, dated 1. Nonetheless, Francis greatly admired his uncle, if rather feared him. [7][nb 1]. OpenLink Faceted Browser; OpenLink Structured Data Editor The eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette. Omissions? Francis II (German: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 Februar 1768 – 2 Mairch 1835) wis the last Haly Roman Emperor, rulin frae 1792 till 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Haly Roman Empire efter the decisive defeat at the haunds o the First French Empire led bi Napoleon at the Battle o Austerlitz.. Browse 78 holy roman emperor francis ii stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Artist Campe, August Friedrich Andreas . After Austria took the field against Napoleon for the third time in 1805 and was again defeated, Napoleon dictated the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; Francis abdicated his title in 1806. The great feast of the three allied monarchs at Teplitz on 2 September 1813. He was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was no longer a unit.He then became Francis I, first Emperor of Austria (from 1804 to 1835). External links. Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. [5] The strain told on Leopold and by the winter of 1791, he became ill. Found in the Collection of Landesmuseum Joanneum. [8][9] Five days later, Francis bowed to the inevitable and, without mentioning the ultimatum, affirmed that since the Peace of Pressburg he has tried his best to fulfil his duties as emperor but that circumstances had convinced him that he could no longer rule according to his oath of office, the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine making that impossible. Find the perfect francis ii, holy roman emperor stock photo. Noun 1. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor synonyms, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor pronunciation, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor translation, English dictionary definition of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Francis II was the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ruling from 1792 until 1806.He also ruled as Francis I, the Emperor of Austria, and as Francis I, the King of Bohemia and Hungary. Henry III (28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056. Francis was born in Florence, the capital of Tuscany, where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765–90. The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, who hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort,[12] though Francis undermined his allies Tsar Alexander and Frederick William III of Prussia by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king Louis XVIII. Francis II (German: Franz II. The last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1 synonym for Emperor Francis II: Francis II. He was again defeated, and this time forced to ally himself with Napoleon, ceding territory to the Empire, joining the Continental System, and wedding his daughter Marie-Louise to the Emperor. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Frans Stefan, 1708-1765. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Bey der Niederlegung der kaiserlichen Reichs-Regierung. During the war he was elected Holy Roman emperor after the death of the emperor Charles VII (the elector Charles Albert of Bavaria), who was one of his wife’s chief adversaries. Due to the establishment of the Concert of Europe, which largely resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies, Francis became viewed as a reactionary later in his reign. The German Confederation, a loose association of Central European states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire. The author Franz Grillparzer, a Habsburg patriot, had one play suppressed solely as a "precautionary" measure. Francis II (German: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 Februar 1768 – 2 Mairch 1835) wis the last Haly Roman Emperor, rulin frae 1792 till 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Haly Roman Empire efter the decisive defeat at the haunds o the First French Empire led bi Napoleon at the Battle o Austerlitz.. ... François grand duc de Toscane II 1708-1765. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; Scots: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) wis Haly Roman Emperor an Grand Duke o Tuscany, thou his wife effectively executit the real powers o those poseetions.Wi his wife, Maria Theresa, he wis the foonder o the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. 1 Reign 2 Life Data 3 Parents 4 Siblings 5 Marriages 6 Child 1: Maria Elisabeth, Archduchess of Austria 7 Child 2: Maria Anna, Archduchess of Austria 8 Child 3: Maria Carolina, Archduchess of Austria 9 Child 4: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 10 Child 5: … Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using . ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. From a private collection. His wife effectively ruled Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. Both actions were of dubious constitutional legality.[23]. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor by Friedrich von Amerling 003.jpg 1,409 × 2,048; 1.58 MB media legend L'emperador Francesc I d'Àustria, per Friedrich von Amerling (1832), conservat al Museu d'Història de l'Art de Viena (Catalan) He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French.Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. In 1737, Lorraine became … Nonetheless, two officers heavily implicated in the conspiracy were hanged and gibbeted, while numerous others were sentenced to imprisonment (many of whom died from the conditions). From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine. The Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and the French … [11] After that date, he reigned as Francis I, Emperor of Austria. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, (1900). Francis I (Francis Stephen; German: Franz Stefan; French: François Étienne; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1729–1737), and later Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765), who married Maria Theresa of Austria and became Holy Roman Emperor (1745–1765) and Archduke of Austria (1740–1765). Vintage engraving of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at … The Napoleonic wars drastically weakened Austria, making it entirely landlocked and threatened its preeminence among the states of Germany, a position that it would eventually cede to the Kingdom of Prussia. Francis II (German: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. [18] Censorship was also prevalent. Emperor Charles VI favored the family, who, besides being his cousins, had served the house … Francis, just past his 24th birthday, was now Emperor, much sooner than he had expected. Henry was first named for his grandfather, Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, but Abbot Hugh of Cluny, whom Henry III had appointed as his son's godfather, convinced the Emperor to give his name to his heir. Define Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain. [27] Francis was interred in the traditional resting place of Habsburg monarchs, the Kapuziner Imperial Crypt in Vienna's Neue Markt Square. Biography. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. But I thought to myself, 'One can never tell'. After the death of Joseph II in 1790, Francis's father became Emperor. By the Treaty of Campo Formio, he ceded the left bank of the Rhine to France in exchange for Venice and Dalmatia. Joseph concluded that "the manner in which he was treated for upwards of sixteen years could not but have confirmed him in the delusion that the preservation of his own person was the only thing of importance. [2], Emperor Joseph II himself took charge of Francis's development. Francis was born in Nancy, Lorraine (now in France), the oldest surviving son of Leopold Joseph, duke of Lorraine, and his wife Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, daughter of Philippe, duc d'Orléans. Francis II (German: Franz II. He led Austria into the French Revolutionary Wars, and later joined the Second and Third Coalitions against Napoleon. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved following Austria's disastrous defeat by Napoleon at Austerlitz in 1805. He had four wives, only the second of whom (Maria-Theresa of the Two Sicilies (d.1807) produced significant numbers of children, notably his eldest daughter, Maria Luisa. Francis I, (born Dec. 8, 1708, Nancy, Duchy of Lorraine—died Aug. 18, 1765, Innsbruck, Austria), Holy Roman emperor from Sept. 13, 1745; he was duke of Lorraine (as Francis Stephen) from 1729 to 1735 and grand duke of Tuscany from 1737. 1 synonym for Emperor Francis II: Francis II. [25], From his first wife Elisabeth of Württemberg, one daughter, and his second wife Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, eight daughters and four sons: His disciplinarian regime was a stark contrast to the indulgent Florentine Court of Leopold. He also served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815. Adel im Wandel239.jpg 2,170 × 1,478; 1.04 MB. As Francis I, he was emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. He was also Francis I, first Emperor of Austria (ruling from 1804 to 1835). Francis's brother Alexander Leopold (at that time Palatine of Hungary) wrote to the Emperor admitting "Although we have caught a lot of the culprits, we have not really got to the bottom of this business yet." Francis passed on a main point in the political testament he left for his son and heir Ferdinand to; "preserve unity in the family and regard it as one of the highest goods." He is better remembered for his cultural interests. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWwheatcroft2009 (, Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil and Queen of Portugal, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece", "Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden", "Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'à son extinction (1578-1830)", "A Evolução da Banda das Três Ordens Militares (1789-1826)". Francis was born in Florence, the capital of Tuscany, where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765–90. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. He was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. The wedding of his daughter Marie Louise of Austria to Napoleon on 10 March 1810 was arguably his severest personal defeat. Last Roman Emperor and first Emperor of Austria (Francis I. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Franz Joseph Karl S: 1.Elisabeth of Wurttemberg. He again fought against France during the Second. Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Francis I Holy Roman Emperor de la plus haute qualité. Toggle navigation. Francis II, (born February 12, 1768, Florence—died March 2, 1835, Vienna), the last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804–35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792–1830) and king of Bohemia (1792–1836). See also categories: Portrait paintings of Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, Portrait paintings of Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, Portrait paintings of Maria Ludovika of Modena and Portrait paintings of Caroline Augusta of Bavaria. Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions. Antonyms for Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis II (German: Franz II. To increase patriotic sentiment during the war with France, the anthem "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" was composed in 1797 to be sung as the Kaiserhymne to music by Joseph Haydn. On 6 January 1808, he married again to another first cousin, This page was last edited on 31 January 2021, at 04:52. [14] The leaders were put on trial, but the verdicts only skirted the perimeter of the conspiracy. He is buried in tomb number 57, surrounded by his four wives. Fran­cis was born in Flo­rence, the cap­i­tal of Tus­cany, where his fa­ther reigned as Grand Duke from 1765–90. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. [25] His funeral was magnificent, with his Viennese subjects respectfully filing past his coffin in the chapel of Hofburg Palace[26] for three days. Yet Napoleon had agreed beforehand and therefore it happened. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. What are synonyms for Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor? His first act was to abandon his father's pacific policy by joining Frederick William II. Francis II, (born February 12, 1768, Florence—died March 2, 1835, Vienna), the last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804–35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792–1830) and king of Bohemia (1792–1836). of Prussia in a war against the French Revolution, The result was that by the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) Austria gave up the Netherlands and Lombardy, but … Francis was born in Florence, the capital of Tuscany, where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765 to 1790. After the Congress of Vienna (1815), Francis supported his chief minister, Metternich, in the conservative and restrictive policies that became known as the Metternich system. Traductions en contexte de "Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : During the rule of Lusignans, the castle was the focus of a four-year struggle between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Regent John d' Ibelin for control of Cyprus. Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. Two years later, Francis personally wound up the moribund Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806), first emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804–35), king of Bohemia and of Hungary (1792–1835). Francis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain. 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